The Romans had it figured out. Even in an outpost border town like Bath, so far from the heart of the Empire, they built a town with comforts and conveniences that Britainwouldn’t have again until the 20th century. The Bathcomplex was large and functioned not only as a public bath but also as a temple to Minerva, the goddess of water. The hot springsbubbling up from the ground were a mystery, inexplicable though fortuitous. Thanks to Minerva were in order.
The original complex was more than just the central bath (which was in a huge covered room, not open as it is today). Similar to a spa today, there were treatment rooms, smaller pools, a cold plunge pool and heated sauna type spaces. The entire bathing ritual was quite elaborate – a typical visit might include massage and oil anointment by a slave in addition to the bathing. Off to one side was the sacred pool where the hot water bubbled to the surface – still bubbling today. Into this pool, people tossed curses scratched into thin sheets of lead: Minerva, please make the thief who stole my cloak pay with his blood. Minerva, Ludviticus, who stole my woman, must repent with his life. Unforgiving, those Romans.
The main pool was lined with sheets of lead, and although it certainly has been repaired, that same lining is still in place. The baths are some 15 – 20 feet below present day street level – they were discovered because a homeowner couldn’t stop water from filling his basement. A little digging revealed a rather complete Roman bathing complex. The Georgians unearthed the baths and built the appropriate columns and terraces right on top of them, so the main pool is Roman from the water to about 3 feet up, and Georgian after that.
Once they were rediscovered, the baths were in use again. Taking the waters was “good for one’s constitution” and the baths were a draw for the town even after high society had moved elsewhere. At some point (I think at the beginning of the 20th century) the baths were closed – rather than making people healthy, taking the waters was making them sick. Considering that I drank a sample of Bath water when I was there at 13, I don’t really want to know what beasties were swimming in that water. Three weeks ago, the Bath spa opened (or reopened, depending on semantics). There is a large new glassy building housing the large baths and plunge pools, the treatment rooms – no different from the spas anywhere else, save for the water.
Separate from that building, though, at the end of a column lined arcade that connects it to the plaza in front of the Pump Room, is the Cross Bath. A small oval structure, obviously Georgian, it looks more like a temple than anything. Inside is a small lukewarm bath, open to visitors for 90 minute soaks. One end of the pool has a raised area where the hot spring water bubbles up, just like it has for hundreds of years. Thousands. We swam in that bath this afternoon, under a surprisingly warm but typically British cloudy sky. The water had the same metallic taste as the glass I drank from the Pump Room yesterday, and it wasn’t as hot as I would have liked, but it was another way for me to time travel. Even though I knew the “temple” I was in was built in Georgian times, it looked Roman enough for me to pretend, as had the wealthy of the late 1700s, that I was bathing with the Romans. Funny how after more than a 1000 years, the conquerors become the emulated.
